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Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của khoảng cách trồng đến sinh trưởng, năng suất và giá trị dược liệu cây ích mẫu trồng tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Thí nghiệm đơn yếu tố với năm khoảng cách trồng gồm 20 × 15 (cm), 20 × 20 (cm), 30 × 10 (cm), 30 × 15 (cm) và 30 × 20 (cm). Kết quả cho thấy, khoảng cách trồng có tác động tích cực đến sinh trưởng và khả năng tích lũy hợp chất thứ cấp. Cây ích mẫu đạt chiều cao 47,2 cm, đường kính thân 4,8 mm, chỉ số SPAD 54,1, hàm lượng chlorophyll a 15,4 µg/g, sinh khối cây lớn nhất và tỷ lệ khô/tươi đạt 23% khi trồng ở khoảng cách 30 × 20 (cm). Bên cạnh đó, tăng khoảng cách trồng làm giảm năng suất thực thu cây ích mẫu do giảm mật độ trồng. Hàm lượng flavonoid cao nhất khi được trồng với khoảng cách 30 × 15 (cm). Khoảng cách trồng 30 × 20 (cm) cho hàm lượng và năng suất alkaloid cao nhất, lần lượt đạt 1,03% và 3,73 kg/ha. Kết quả này khẳng định khoảng cách 30 × 20 (cm) là phù hợp để canh tác cây ích mẫu ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và khu vực Đông Nam Bộ. Nghiên cứu cung cấp cơ sở bước đầu xây dựng quy trình kỹ thuật, nâng cao chất lượng dược liệu, đồng thời định hướng phát triển vùng trồng ích mẫu bền vững nhằm đáp ứng các nhu cầu về dược phẩm.
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Cách trích dẫn
Phạm Quốc Việt, Hồ Thúy Hòa, & Nguyễn Thị Thúy Liễu. (2026). Ảnh hưởng của khoảng cách trồng đến sinh trưởng, năng suất và chất lượng của cây ích mẫu (Leonurus japonicus Houtt.). Tạp Chí điện tử Khoa học Và công nghệ nông nghiệp, 10(2), 5493–5502. https://doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v10n2y2026.1326
Chuyên mục
CÂY TRỒNG - THỰC VẬT
Bản quyền @ 2017-2026 bởi Tạp chí điện tử Khoa học và công nghệ nông nghiệp
Tài liệu tham khảo
Hoàng Thị Sáu, Lê Hùng Tiến và Phạm Văn Năm. (2021). Đánh giá sinh trưởng, phát triển và năng suất, chất lượng của 2 dòng ích mẫu (Leonurus Heterophyllus Sweet) tại Thanh Hóa. Tạp chí Khoa học trường Đại học Hồng Đức, 55, 116-124.
Amaglo, N. K., Timpo, G. M., Ellis, W. O., & Bennett, R. N. (2007). Effect of spacing and harvest frequency on the growth and leaf yield of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a leafy vegetable crop. Proceedings of the International Workshop: Moringa and other highly nutritious plant resources: Strategies, standards and markets for a better impact on nutrition in Africa, 16-18.
Blackmer, T. M., Schepers, J. S., & Vigil, M. F. (1993). Chlorophyll meter readings in corn as affected by plant spacing. Agronomy Journal, 85(6), 2507-2512.
EL-Leithy, A. S., EL-Hanafy, S. H., Khattab, M. E., Ahmed, S. S., & EL-Sayed, A. A. A. (2017). Effect of nitrogen fertilization rates, plant spacing and their interaction on essential oil percentage and total flavonoid content of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) plant. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 60(5), 805-816.
Gholizadeh, F., Darkó, É., Benczúr, K., Hamow, K. Á., Dernovics, M., Nagy, K., Janda, T., Rady, M. R., Gohari, G., Pál, M., Le, V. N., & Szalai, G. (2023). Growth light substantially affects both primary and secondary metabolic processes in Catharanthus roseus plants. Photosynthetica, 61(4), 451-460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32615/ps.2023.037
Horie, Y., Ito, H., Kusaba, M., Tanaka, R., & Tanaka, A. (2009). Participation of chlorophyll b reductase in the initial step of the degradation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes in Arabidopsis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(26), 17449-17456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.008912
Hussein, M. S., El-Sherbeny, S. E., Khalil, M. Y., Naguib, N. Y., & Aly, S. M. (2006). Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientia Horticulturae, 108(3), 322-331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.01.035
Jimayu, G., & Gebre, A. (2022). Effects of plant spacing and harvesting age on growth and yield of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 11(1), 27-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2022.004
Kurata, H., Matsumura, S., & Furusaki, S. (1997). Light irradiation causes physiological and metabolic changes for purine alkaloid production by a Coffea arabica cell suspension culture. Plant Science, 123(1–2), 197-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(96)04588-8
Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148, 350-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Liu, N., Chen, C., Wang, B., Chen, K., Feng, S., Zhang, D., & Zhou, G. (2022). Effects of different planting densities and harvesting periods on the growth and major alkaloids of Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Agriculture, 12(11), 1881. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111881
Liu, Y., Singh, S. K., Pattanaik, S., Wang, H., & Yuan, L. (2023). Light regulation of the biosynthesis of phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids in plants. Communications Biology, 6, 1055.
Lokesh, M. D., Gangadharappa, P. M., Hiremath, J. S., Nadukeri, S., & Kulkarni, S. (2019). Plant geometry and nutrients on herbage yield and alkaloid content in Makoi (Solanum nigrum L.) under northern dry zone of Karnataka. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(2), 912-914.
Maleki, F. M., Abbasi, N., Ashoorabadi, E. S., Zare, M. J., & Barary, M. (2022). Investigating the effect of plant density on biochemical characteristics and essential oil in wild thyme (Thymbra spicata L.). Plant Productions, 44(4), 573-586.
Massoud, H. Y. A., Abd El-Shafy, M. K., & El-Eraky, M. (2007). Influence of planting dates and distances on growth and essential oil productivity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. plant. Journal of Agricultural Science, Mansoura University, 32(4), 2937-2955.
Mohamed, M. A. (1997). Effect of plant density and date of cutting on Thymus vulgaris L. plants. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture, 24(1), 1-6.
Nadjafi, F., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., & Honermeier, B. (2012). First experiments on cultivation of Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad – An example of domestication of a highly endangered medicinal plant of Iran. Journal of Medicinal and Spice Plants, 17(2), 64-71.
Nguyen, D. B., Doan, T. T. Y., Phi, T. C. M., Ngo, T. A., Vu, L. D. H., & Dang, D. K. (2021). Arthrospira production in Vietnam: Current status and prospects. Bioresource Technology Reports, 15,100803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100803
Nițu, S., Barascu, N., & Constantinescu, E. (2022). Results on the influence of planting distance and measurement date, on SPAD values in Primula officinalis Hill. species. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 22(1), 501-506.
Peedin, G. F., Davis, R. L., & Ross, H. F. (1979). Plant spacing effects on some agronomic-economic considerations of conventional burley tobacco production. Tobacco Science, 23(42), 143-147.
Postma, J. A., Hecht, V. L., Hikosaka, K., Nord, E. A., Pons, T. L., & Poorter, H. (2021). Dividing the pie: A quantitative review on plant density responses. Plant, Cell & Environment, 44(4), 1072-1094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13968
Ram, M., Ram, B., & Kumar, S. (2010). Plant spacing and the yield of leaves and alkaloids in Duboisia myoporoides. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 3(3), 77-80. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1300/J044v03n03_10
Rayment, G.E., & Lyons, D.J. (2011). Soil chemical methods - Australasia. CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia.
Refaay, M. S., Mohamed, Y. F. Y., Dewidar, A. A., & Mohamed, S. M. (2023). Response of Thymus vulgaris L. plant to planting distances and fertilization treatments. Journal of Plant Production, 14(7), 345-356.
Sarijeva, G., Knapp, M., & Lichtenthaler, H. K. (2007). Differences in photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, and in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in green sun and shade leaves of Ginkgo and Fagus. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164(7), 950-955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2006.09.002
Sato, T., Shimoda, Y., Matsuda, K., Tanaka, A., & Ito, H. (2018). Mg-dechelation of chlorophyll a by Stay-Green activates chlorophyll b degradation through expressing Non-Yellow Coloring 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Physiology, 222, 94-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.010
Shang, X., Pan, H., Wang, X., He, H., & Li, M. (2014). Leonurus japonicus Houtt.: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(1), 14-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.052
Slavich, P.G., & Petterson, G.H. (1993). Estimating the critical conductivity of saturated paste extracts from 1:5 soil: water suspensions and texture. Australian Journal of Soil Research 31, 73-81.
Talluri, M. R., Rao, B. G., & Rao, Y. V. (2012). Antioxidant activity of Spilanthes acmella extracts. International Journal of Phytopharmacology, 3(2), 216-220.
Tambe, V. D., & Bhambar, R. S. (2014). Estimation of total phenol, tannin, alkaloid and flavonoid in Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. Wood extract Research and Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4, 41-47.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (1987). Soil mechanics level I - Module 3 USDA Textural classification study guide. National Employee Development Staff Soil Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Wang, Y., Xie, L., Zhou, X., Chen, R., Zhao, G., & Zhang, F. (2023). Prediction of the potentially suitable areas of Leonurus japonicus in China based on future climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model. Ecology and Evolution, 13(10), 10597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10597
Wu, G., Ma, L., Sayre, R. T., & Lee, C.-H. (2020). Identification of the optimal light harvesting antenna size for high-light stress mitigation in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00505
Xing, Z., Bi, G., Li, T., Zhang, Q., & Knight, P. R. (2024). Effect of plant density on growth and bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Agronomy, 14(6), 1157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061157
Yang, D.-J., Yan, M.-X., Li, P., Liu, P., Gao, Y., Jiang, Y., He, Z.-K., Kong, Y., Zhong, X., Wu, S., Yang, J., Wang, H.-X., Huang, Y.-B., Wang, L., Chen, X.-Y., Hu, Y.-H., Zhao, Q., & Xu, P. (2022). Comparative genomic analysis between Leonurus japonicus and Leonurus sibiricus. BioRxiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.27.518111.
Amaglo, N. K., Timpo, G. M., Ellis, W. O., & Bennett, R. N. (2007). Effect of spacing and harvest frequency on the growth and leaf yield of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a leafy vegetable crop. Proceedings of the International Workshop: Moringa and other highly nutritious plant resources: Strategies, standards and markets for a better impact on nutrition in Africa, 16-18.
Blackmer, T. M., Schepers, J. S., & Vigil, M. F. (1993). Chlorophyll meter readings in corn as affected by plant spacing. Agronomy Journal, 85(6), 2507-2512.
EL-Leithy, A. S., EL-Hanafy, S. H., Khattab, M. E., Ahmed, S. S., & EL-Sayed, A. A. A. (2017). Effect of nitrogen fertilization rates, plant spacing and their interaction on essential oil percentage and total flavonoid content of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) plant. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 60(5), 805-816.
Gholizadeh, F., Darkó, É., Benczúr, K., Hamow, K. Á., Dernovics, M., Nagy, K., Janda, T., Rady, M. R., Gohari, G., Pál, M., Le, V. N., & Szalai, G. (2023). Growth light substantially affects both primary and secondary metabolic processes in Catharanthus roseus plants. Photosynthetica, 61(4), 451-460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32615/ps.2023.037
Horie, Y., Ito, H., Kusaba, M., Tanaka, R., & Tanaka, A. (2009). Participation of chlorophyll b reductase in the initial step of the degradation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes in Arabidopsis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(26), 17449-17456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.008912
Hussein, M. S., El-Sherbeny, S. E., Khalil, M. Y., Naguib, N. Y., & Aly, S. M. (2006). Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientia Horticulturae, 108(3), 322-331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.01.035
Jimayu, G., & Gebre, A. (2022). Effects of plant spacing and harvesting age on growth and yield of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 11(1), 27-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2022.004
Kurata, H., Matsumura, S., & Furusaki, S. (1997). Light irradiation causes physiological and metabolic changes for purine alkaloid production by a Coffea arabica cell suspension culture. Plant Science, 123(1–2), 197-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(96)04588-8
Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148, 350-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Liu, N., Chen, C., Wang, B., Chen, K., Feng, S., Zhang, D., & Zhou, G. (2022). Effects of different planting densities and harvesting periods on the growth and major alkaloids of Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Agriculture, 12(11), 1881. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111881
Liu, Y., Singh, S. K., Pattanaik, S., Wang, H., & Yuan, L. (2023). Light regulation of the biosynthesis of phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids in plants. Communications Biology, 6, 1055.
Lokesh, M. D., Gangadharappa, P. M., Hiremath, J. S., Nadukeri, S., & Kulkarni, S. (2019). Plant geometry and nutrients on herbage yield and alkaloid content in Makoi (Solanum nigrum L.) under northern dry zone of Karnataka. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(2), 912-914.
Maleki, F. M., Abbasi, N., Ashoorabadi, E. S., Zare, M. J., & Barary, M. (2022). Investigating the effect of plant density on biochemical characteristics and essential oil in wild thyme (Thymbra spicata L.). Plant Productions, 44(4), 573-586.
Massoud, H. Y. A., Abd El-Shafy, M. K., & El-Eraky, M. (2007). Influence of planting dates and distances on growth and essential oil productivity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. plant. Journal of Agricultural Science, Mansoura University, 32(4), 2937-2955.
Mohamed, M. A. (1997). Effect of plant density and date of cutting on Thymus vulgaris L. plants. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture, 24(1), 1-6.
Nadjafi, F., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., & Honermeier, B. (2012). First experiments on cultivation of Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad – An example of domestication of a highly endangered medicinal plant of Iran. Journal of Medicinal and Spice Plants, 17(2), 64-71.
Nguyen, D. B., Doan, T. T. Y., Phi, T. C. M., Ngo, T. A., Vu, L. D. H., & Dang, D. K. (2021). Arthrospira production in Vietnam: Current status and prospects. Bioresource Technology Reports, 15,100803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100803
Nițu, S., Barascu, N., & Constantinescu, E. (2022). Results on the influence of planting distance and measurement date, on SPAD values in Primula officinalis Hill. species. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 22(1), 501-506.
Peedin, G. F., Davis, R. L., & Ross, H. F. (1979). Plant spacing effects on some agronomic-economic considerations of conventional burley tobacco production. Tobacco Science, 23(42), 143-147.
Postma, J. A., Hecht, V. L., Hikosaka, K., Nord, E. A., Pons, T. L., & Poorter, H. (2021). Dividing the pie: A quantitative review on plant density responses. Plant, Cell & Environment, 44(4), 1072-1094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13968
Ram, M., Ram, B., & Kumar, S. (2010). Plant spacing and the yield of leaves and alkaloids in Duboisia myoporoides. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 3(3), 77-80. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1300/J044v03n03_10
Rayment, G.E., & Lyons, D.J. (2011). Soil chemical methods - Australasia. CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia.
Refaay, M. S., Mohamed, Y. F. Y., Dewidar, A. A., & Mohamed, S. M. (2023). Response of Thymus vulgaris L. plant to planting distances and fertilization treatments. Journal of Plant Production, 14(7), 345-356.
Sarijeva, G., Knapp, M., & Lichtenthaler, H. K. (2007). Differences in photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, and in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in green sun and shade leaves of Ginkgo and Fagus. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164(7), 950-955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2006.09.002
Sato, T., Shimoda, Y., Matsuda, K., Tanaka, A., & Ito, H. (2018). Mg-dechelation of chlorophyll a by Stay-Green activates chlorophyll b degradation through expressing Non-Yellow Coloring 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Physiology, 222, 94-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.010
Shang, X., Pan, H., Wang, X., He, H., & Li, M. (2014). Leonurus japonicus Houtt.: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(1), 14-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.052
Slavich, P.G., & Petterson, G.H. (1993). Estimating the critical conductivity of saturated paste extracts from 1:5 soil: water suspensions and texture. Australian Journal of Soil Research 31, 73-81.
Talluri, M. R., Rao, B. G., & Rao, Y. V. (2012). Antioxidant activity of Spilanthes acmella extracts. International Journal of Phytopharmacology, 3(2), 216-220.
Tambe, V. D., & Bhambar, R. S. (2014). Estimation of total phenol, tannin, alkaloid and flavonoid in Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. Wood extract Research and Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4, 41-47.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (1987). Soil mechanics level I - Module 3 USDA Textural classification study guide. National Employee Development Staff Soil Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Wang, Y., Xie, L., Zhou, X., Chen, R., Zhao, G., & Zhang, F. (2023). Prediction of the potentially suitable areas of Leonurus japonicus in China based on future climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model. Ecology and Evolution, 13(10), 10597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10597
Wu, G., Ma, L., Sayre, R. T., & Lee, C.-H. (2020). Identification of the optimal light harvesting antenna size for high-light stress mitigation in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00505
Xing, Z., Bi, G., Li, T., Zhang, Q., & Knight, P. R. (2024). Effect of plant density on growth and bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Agronomy, 14(6), 1157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061157
Yang, D.-J., Yan, M.-X., Li, P., Liu, P., Gao, Y., Jiang, Y., He, Z.-K., Kong, Y., Zhong, X., Wu, S., Yang, J., Wang, H.-X., Huang, Y.-B., Wang, L., Chen, X.-Y., Hu, Y.-H., Zhao, Q., & Xu, P. (2022). Comparative genomic analysis between Leonurus japonicus and Leonurus sibiricus. BioRxiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.27.518111.