Đặc điểm hình thái, sinh thái, vật hậu, sinh trưởng và tái sinh của trẩu (vernicia montana lour.) trồng ở tỉnh Quảng Trị

Abstract

Vernicia montana Lour is a multipurpose woody tree. Using traditional forestry research methods, the biological characteristics of the trau species in Quang Tri province have been determined. Vernicia montana Lour can attain heights of up to 15 m and stem diameters of 30-50 cm It features an egg-shaped canopy, early branching with numerous branches, and leaves divided into 3-5 lobes. The inflorescences are clustered, bearing unisexual flowers on the same individual with dry dehiscent fruits, each containing three oil-bearing seeds. The species is predominantly found in the Huong Hoa and Dakrong districts of Quang Tri province, characterized by a tropical monsoon climate with a rainy season from June to November and a dry season from December to May of the following year. It grows on various soil types, including red-yellow soil over shale (Fs), pale yellow soil over sandstone (Fq), red-yellow soil over granite (Fa), and red soil over basalt. Height and trunk diameter growth increase from age class I to age class II and then decrease from age class III to age class IV. The phenological stages include budding in January, leaf emergence in February, flowering from February to April, fruit development from May to July, fruit ripening from August to September, fruit drop from October to November, and leaf fall from November to December. Natural regeneration occurs with densities of 3-month-old seedlings ranging from 555 to 1,777 trees per hectare, with density progressively declines with age. These research findings provide a scientific basis for the development of Vernicia montana Lour in Quang Tri province.