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Abstract
In this study, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tr4 was isolated and identified based on morphological characteristics and its ability to produce volatile organic compounds. The antagonistic activity of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tr4 strain LA01 was evaluated using dual culture and agar well diffusion assays. The ability to produce chitinase and protease enzymes of Pseudomonas spp. CC-FN1.1 and ĐHT3 were investigated, and the effects of bacterial culture supernatants from these two strains on fungal mycelial growth and spore germination were assessed. Three strains Foc Tr4 involving LA01, LA02, and LA03 were isolated from five disease samples. The mycelium was white, growing on the agar’s surface, the colony’s center appeared pale yellow, while the edges remain white. The microconidia are small, ovoid, and contain oil droplets, the macroconidia are crescent-shaped or elongated like rice grains, having 3 - 4 septae, measuring 2.7 - 7.5 µm × 2.6 - 11.1 µm. All Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. exhibited antagonistic activity against Foc Tr4 strain LA01, which bacteria CC-FN1.1, and ĐHT3 demonstrated the highest antagonistic activity of 65.17%, and 62.08% respectively at 5 days after inoculation, forming inhibition zones of 10.68 mm and 10.04 mm, respectively. Both strains Pseudomonas spp. CC-FN1.1 and ĐHT3 exhibited chitinase and protease enzyme activity, their culture supernatants caused morphological deformations in fungal hyphae and inhibited spore germination by 94.33% and 90% at 24 hours after treatment. These findings suggested that Pseudomonas spp. CC-FN1.1, ĐHT3 had potential for application in the biological control of Fusarium wilt in bananas caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tr4.
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How to Cite
Vo Thi Ngoc Ha. (2025). Selection of antagonistic bacteria for the biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tr4 causing fusarium wilt in bananas in Long An. E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 9(3), 5023–5035. https://doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v9n3y2025.1248
Section
PLANTS
Copyright @ 2017-2025 by E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
References
Đinh Trường Sơn, Nguyễn Thị Thanh Mai, Nguyễn Thị Thu, Nguyễn Thanh Hải, Trần Thị Đào, Ngô Thị Vân Anh và Nguyễn Xuân Cảnh. (2022). Nghiên cứu đặc tính đối kháng với nấm Fusarium oxysporum gây bệnh trên chuối của chủng xạ khuẩn Streptomyces sp. VNUA27. Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 20(8), 1042-1053.
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Nguyễn Thị Thanh Mai, Nguyễn Thị Thu, Bùi Xuân Tứ, Trần Văn Tuấn, Phạm Hồng Hiển, và Nguyễn Xuân Cảnh. (2024). Xác định điều kiện lên men thích hợp cho chủng xạ khuẩn Streptomyces sp. VNUA116 nhằm tăng khả năng kháng nấm Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense gây bệnh héo rũ trên cây chuối. Tạp chí Khoa học Và Công nghệ Việt Nam, Bản B, 66(6), 26-33.
Trần Ngọc Hùng, Đỗ Thị Vĩnh Hằng và Nguyễn Đức Huy. (2020). Bệnh héo vàng (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) hại chuối tiêu tại Việt Nam. Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 18(5), 315-322.
Azman, N. A., Sijam, K., Hata, E. M., Othman, R., & Saud, H. M. (2017). Screening of bacteria as antagonist against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of paddy and as plant growth promoter. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 16(4), 1.
Beibei, W. A. N. G., Zongzhuan, S. H. E. N., Zhang, F., Waseem, R. A. Z. A., Jim, Y. U. A. N., Rong, H.U.A.N.G., Yunze, R. U. A. N., Rong L. I., & Qirong, S. H. E. N. (2016). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain W19 can promote growth and yield and suppress Fusarium wilt in banana under greenhouse and field conditions. Pedosphere, 26(5), 733-744.
Cronin, M. J., Yohalem, D. S., Harris, R. F., & Andrews, J. H. (1996). Putative mechanism and dynamics of inhibition of the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis by compost extracts. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28(9), 1241-1249.
Fan, H., Li, S., Zeng, L., He, P., Xu, S., Bai, T., Huang, Y., Guo, Z., & Zheng, S. J. (2021). Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 using natively isolated Bacillus spp. YN0904 and YN1419. Journal of Fungi, 7(10), 795.
Ferreira, J. H. S., Matthee, F. N., & Thomas, A. C. (1991). Biological control of Eutypa lata on grapevine by an antagonistic strain of Bacillus subtilis. Ecology and Epidemiology, 81(3),283 – 287.
Gemeda, N., Woldeamanuel, Y., Asrat, D., & Debella, A. (2014). Effect of essential oils on Aspergillus spore germination, growth and mycotoxin production: a potential source of botanical food preservative. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4, S373-S381.
Hung, T. N., Hung, N. Q., Mostert, D., Viljoen, A., Chao, C. P., & Molina, A. B. (2018). First report of Fusarium wilt on Cavendish bananas, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (VCG 01213/16), in Vietnam. Plant Disease, 102(2), 448-448.
John, F. L., & Brett, A. S. (2006). The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing (pp 387).
Li, S., Ma, J., Li, S., Chen, F., Song, C., Zhang, H., Jiang, M., & Shen, N. (2022). Comparative transcriptome analysis unravels the response mechanisms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense to a biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gxun-2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 15432.
Moore N.Y., Pegg K.G., Allen R.N. & Irwin J.A.G. (1993). Vegetative compatibility and distribution of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Australia. Australian Journal of experimental agriculture, 33, 797-802.
Palleroni, N.J. (1984). Genus Pseodomonas, In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1, Krieg, N. K., & Holt, J. G. (eds). Baltimore, MD, USA: Williams & Wilkins, pp. 141 – 199.
Ray, A. K., Roy, T., Mondal, S., & Ringo, E. (2010). Identification of gut‐associated amylase, cellulase and protease‐producing bacteria in three species of Indian major carps. Aquaculture Research, 41(10), 1462-1469.
Sharma, A., Rajendran, S., Srivastava, A., Sharma, S., & Kundu, B. (2017). Antifungal activities of selected essential oils against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 1322, with emphasis on Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 123(3), 308-313.49.
Shen N., Li S., Li S., Zhang H., Jiang, M. (2022). The siderophore-producing bacterium, Bacillus siamensis Gxun-6, has an antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and promotes the growth of banana. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 32(1), 1–9.
Shi, J., Mueller, W. C., & Beckman, C. H. (1991). Ultrastructural responses of vessel contact cells in cotton plants resistant or susceptible to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 38(3), 211-222.
Shivas, R., & Beasley, D. (2005). Management of plant pathogen collections. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Retrieved 23/06/2025 from
Soytong, K. (1988). Identification of species of Chaetomium in the Philippines and screening for their biocontrol properties against seed borne fungi of rice. Ph.D. Thesis. ULPB College, Philippines.
Tamrela, H., Sugiyanto, A., Santoso, I., & Fadhilah, Q. G. (2021). The qualitative screening of cellulolytic, chitinolytic, IAA-producing, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.). In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948 (1), (012065). IOP Publishing.
Wang, J., Qiu, J., Yang, X., Yang, J., Zhao, S., Zhou, Q., & Chen, L. (2022). Identification of lipopeptide iturin: A produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 and its antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Foods, 11(19), 2996.
Yadav, K., Damodaran, T., Dutt, K., Singh, A., Muthukumar, M., Rajan, S., Gopal, R., & Sharma, P. C. (2021). Effective biocontrol of banana fusarium wilt tropical race 4 by a bacillus rhizobacteria strain with antagonistic secondary metabolites. Rhizosphere, 18, 100341.
Yuan, J., Raza, W., Shen, Q., & Huang, Q. (2012). Antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN-6 volatile compounds against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Applied and environmental microbiology, 78(16), 5942-5944.
Yun, T., Zhang, M., Zhou, D., Jing, T., Zang, X., Qi, D., Chen, Y., Li, K., Zhao, Y., Tang, W., Huang, J., & Xie, J. (2021). Anti-Foc RT4 activity of a newly isolated Streptomyces sp. 5–10 from a medicinal plant (Curculigo capitulata). Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 610698.
Zhang, N., Xin, H. E., Zhang, J., Raza, W., Xing-Ming, Y. A. N. G., Yun-Ze, R. U. A. N., Qi-Rong, S., Huang, Q. W. (2014). Suppression of fusarium wilt of banana with application of bio-organic fertilizers. Pedosphere, 24(5), 613-624.
Zheng, S. J., García-Bastidas, F. A., Li, X., Zeng, L., Bai, T., Xu, S., Yin, K., Li, H., Fu, G., Yu, Y., Yang, L., Nguyen, H. C., Douangboupha, B., Khaing, A. A., Drenth, A., Seidl, M. F., Meijer, H. J. G., & Kema, G. H. (2018). New geographical insights of the latest expansion of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 into the greater Mekong subregion. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 457.
Lê Thị Loan, Nguyễn Tuấn Vũ, Vũ Đăng Toàn và Nguyễn Đức Huy. (2023). Đặc điểm sinh học và phòng chống sinh học nấm Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense gây bệnh héo vàng chuối. Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 21(6), 821-833.
Nguyễn Thị Thanh Mai, Nguyễn Thị Thu, Bùi Xuân Tứ, Trần Văn Tuấn, Phạm Hồng Hiển, và Nguyễn Xuân Cảnh. (2024). Xác định điều kiện lên men thích hợp cho chủng xạ khuẩn Streptomyces sp. VNUA116 nhằm tăng khả năng kháng nấm Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense gây bệnh héo rũ trên cây chuối. Tạp chí Khoa học Và Công nghệ Việt Nam, Bản B, 66(6), 26-33.
Trần Ngọc Hùng, Đỗ Thị Vĩnh Hằng và Nguyễn Đức Huy. (2020). Bệnh héo vàng (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) hại chuối tiêu tại Việt Nam. Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 18(5), 315-322.
Azman, N. A., Sijam, K., Hata, E. M., Othman, R., & Saud, H. M. (2017). Screening of bacteria as antagonist against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of paddy and as plant growth promoter. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 16(4), 1.
Beibei, W. A. N. G., Zongzhuan, S. H. E. N., Zhang, F., Waseem, R. A. Z. A., Jim, Y. U. A. N., Rong, H.U.A.N.G., Yunze, R. U. A. N., Rong L. I., & Qirong, S. H. E. N. (2016). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain W19 can promote growth and yield and suppress Fusarium wilt in banana under greenhouse and field conditions. Pedosphere, 26(5), 733-744.
Cronin, M. J., Yohalem, D. S., Harris, R. F., & Andrews, J. H. (1996). Putative mechanism and dynamics of inhibition of the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis by compost extracts. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28(9), 1241-1249.
Fan, H., Li, S., Zeng, L., He, P., Xu, S., Bai, T., Huang, Y., Guo, Z., & Zheng, S. J. (2021). Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 using natively isolated Bacillus spp. YN0904 and YN1419. Journal of Fungi, 7(10), 795.
Ferreira, J. H. S., Matthee, F. N., & Thomas, A. C. (1991). Biological control of Eutypa lata on grapevine by an antagonistic strain of Bacillus subtilis. Ecology and Epidemiology, 81(3),283 – 287.
Gemeda, N., Woldeamanuel, Y., Asrat, D., & Debella, A. (2014). Effect of essential oils on Aspergillus spore germination, growth and mycotoxin production: a potential source of botanical food preservative. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4, S373-S381.
Hung, T. N., Hung, N. Q., Mostert, D., Viljoen, A., Chao, C. P., & Molina, A. B. (2018). First report of Fusarium wilt on Cavendish bananas, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (VCG 01213/16), in Vietnam. Plant Disease, 102(2), 448-448.
John, F. L., & Brett, A. S. (2006). The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing (pp 387).
Li, S., Ma, J., Li, S., Chen, F., Song, C., Zhang, H., Jiang, M., & Shen, N. (2022). Comparative transcriptome analysis unravels the response mechanisms of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense to a biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gxun-2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 15432.
Moore N.Y., Pegg K.G., Allen R.N. & Irwin J.A.G. (1993). Vegetative compatibility and distribution of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Australia. Australian Journal of experimental agriculture, 33, 797-802.
Palleroni, N.J. (1984). Genus Pseodomonas, In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1, Krieg, N. K., & Holt, J. G. (eds). Baltimore, MD, USA: Williams & Wilkins, pp. 141 – 199.
Ray, A. K., Roy, T., Mondal, S., & Ringo, E. (2010). Identification of gut‐associated amylase, cellulase and protease‐producing bacteria in three species of Indian major carps. Aquaculture Research, 41(10), 1462-1469.
Sharma, A., Rajendran, S., Srivastava, A., Sharma, S., & Kundu, B. (2017). Antifungal activities of selected essential oils against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 1322, with emphasis on Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 123(3), 308-313.49.
Shen N., Li S., Li S., Zhang H., Jiang, M. (2022). The siderophore-producing bacterium, Bacillus siamensis Gxun-6, has an antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and promotes the growth of banana. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 32(1), 1–9.
Shi, J., Mueller, W. C., & Beckman, C. H. (1991). Ultrastructural responses of vessel contact cells in cotton plants resistant or susceptible to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 38(3), 211-222.
Shivas, R., & Beasley, D. (2005). Management of plant pathogen collections. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Retrieved 23/06/2025 from
Soytong, K. (1988). Identification of species of Chaetomium in the Philippines and screening for their biocontrol properties against seed borne fungi of rice. Ph.D. Thesis. ULPB College, Philippines.
Tamrela, H., Sugiyanto, A., Santoso, I., & Fadhilah, Q. G. (2021). The qualitative screening of cellulolytic, chitinolytic, IAA-producing, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.). In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948 (1), (012065). IOP Publishing.
Wang, J., Qiu, J., Yang, X., Yang, J., Zhao, S., Zhou, Q., & Chen, L. (2022). Identification of lipopeptide iturin: A produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 and its antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Foods, 11(19), 2996.
Yadav, K., Damodaran, T., Dutt, K., Singh, A., Muthukumar, M., Rajan, S., Gopal, R., & Sharma, P. C. (2021). Effective biocontrol of banana fusarium wilt tropical race 4 by a bacillus rhizobacteria strain with antagonistic secondary metabolites. Rhizosphere, 18, 100341.
Yuan, J., Raza, W., Shen, Q., & Huang, Q. (2012). Antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN-6 volatile compounds against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Applied and environmental microbiology, 78(16), 5942-5944.
Yun, T., Zhang, M., Zhou, D., Jing, T., Zang, X., Qi, D., Chen, Y., Li, K., Zhao, Y., Tang, W., Huang, J., & Xie, J. (2021). Anti-Foc RT4 activity of a newly isolated Streptomyces sp. 5–10 from a medicinal plant (Curculigo capitulata). Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 610698.
Zhang, N., Xin, H. E., Zhang, J., Raza, W., Xing-Ming, Y. A. N. G., Yun-Ze, R. U. A. N., Qi-Rong, S., Huang, Q. W. (2014). Suppression of fusarium wilt of banana with application of bio-organic fertilizers. Pedosphere, 24(5), 613-624.
Zheng, S. J., García-Bastidas, F. A., Li, X., Zeng, L., Bai, T., Xu, S., Yin, K., Li, H., Fu, G., Yu, Y., Yang, L., Nguyen, H. C., Douangboupha, B., Khaing, A. A., Drenth, A., Seidl, M. F., Meijer, H. J. G., & Kema, G. H. (2018). New geographical insights of the latest expansion of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 into the greater Mekong subregion. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 457.