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Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is recognised as a significant pathogenic agent, isolated from various economically valuable marine fish species, including red drum. Although this bacterium can cause severe detrimental effects in both wild and cultured fish populations, research on its virulence and pathogenic mechanisms remains limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the indole derivative indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the virulence of V. alginolyticus in red drum. The results demonstrated that the supplement of IAA at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 µM inhibited biofilm formation, swimming motility, and reduced the enzymatic activities including lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, and haemolysin in V. alginolyticus. The challenge experiment in red drum confirmed that pre-treated V. alginolyticus with IAA 200 µM significantly improved fish survival rates compared to untreated bacteria and control treatments.
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How to Cite
Nguyen Duc Quynh Anh, Nguyen Nam Quang, Nguyen Thi Hue Linh, Nguyen Thi Xuan Hong, & Nguyen Ngoc Phuoc. (2025). Impact of Indole-3-Acetic acid on virulence factors of Vibrio alginolyticus in red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766). E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 9(3), 5169–5179. https://doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v9n3y2025.1316
Section
ANIMAL SCIENCE - VETERINARY MEDICINE - FISHERIES - ANIMALS
Copyright @ 2017-2025 by E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
References
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Atsumi, T., Maekawa, Y., Yamada, T., Kawagishi, I., Imae, Y., & Homma, M. (1996). Effect of viscosity on swimming by the lateral and polar flagella of Vibrio alginolyticus. Journal of bacteriology, 178(16), 5024-5026.
Boukerb, A.M., Cambronel, M., Rodrigues, S., Mesguida, O., Knowlton, R., Feuilloley, M.G., Zommiti, M., & Connil, N. (2021). Inter-kingdom signaling of stress hormones: sensing, transport and modulation of bacterial physiology. Frontiers in microbiology, 12, 690942.
Chandrakala, N., & Priya, S. (2017). Vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture a review. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 27-33.
Defoirdt, T. (2023). Indole signaling, a promising target to control vibriosis in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 574, 739692.
Dwidar, M., Nam, D., & Mitchell, R. J. (2015). Indole negatively impacts predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and its release from the bdelloplast. Environmental microbiology, 17(4), 1009-1022.
F. A. O. (2024). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2024 blue transformation in action.
Frei, R., Breitbach, A. S., & Blackwell, H. E. (2012). 2-Aminobenzimidazole derivatives strongly inhibit and disperse Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 51(21), 5226.
Huang, D. B., & DuPont, H. L. (2005). Problem pathogens: extra-intestinal complications of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection. The Lancet infectious diseases, 5(6), 341-348.
Istivan, T. S., & Coloe, P. J. (2006). Phospholipase A in Gram-negative bacteria and its role in pathogenesis. Microbiology, 152(Pt 5), 1263-1274.
Jayaraman, S., Adhilaxmi Kannan, M., Rajendhran, N., John, G. J., & Ramasamy, T. (2023). Indole-3-acetic acid impacts biofilm formation and virulence production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofouling, 39(8), 800-815.
Karavolos, M. H., Bulmer, D. M., Spencer, H., Rampioni, G., Schmalen, I., Baker, S., Pickard, D., Gray, J., Fookes, M., Winzer, K., Ivens, A., Dougan, G., Williams, P., & Khan, C. M. (2011). Salmonella Typhi sense host neuroendocrine stress hormones and release the toxin haemolysin E. EMBO Rep, 12(3), 252-258.
Kim, D., Sitepu, I. R., & Hashidoko, Y. (2013). Induction of biofilm formation in the betaproteobacterium Burkholderia unamae CK43B exposed to exogenous indole and gallic acid. Applied and environmental microbiology, 79(16), 4845-4852.
Kim, J., & Park, W. (2013). Indole inhibits bacterial quorum sensing signal transmission by interfering with quorum sensing regulator folding. Microbiology, 159(Pt_12), 2616-2625.
Lee, J., Jayaraman, A., & Wood, T. K. (2007). Indole is an inter-species biofilm signal mediated by SdiA. BMC microbiology, 7(1), 42.
Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., Baek, K. H., Cho, M. H., & Lee, J. (2015). The multifaceted roles of the interspecies signalling molecule indole in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Environmental Microbiology, 17(4), 1234-1244.
Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., Cho, M. H., Kim, J. A., & Lee, J. (2012). 7-fluoroindole as an antivirulence compound against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS microbiology letters, 329(1), 36-44.
Li, X., Yang, Q., Dierckens, K., Milton, D. L., & Defoirdt, T. (2014). RpoS and indole signaling control the virulence of Vibrio anguillarum towards gnotobiotic sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. PloS one, 9(10), e111801.
Nikaido, E., Giraud, E., Baucheron, S., Yamasaki, S., Wiedemann, A., Okamoto, K., Takagi, T., Yamaguchi, A., Cloeckaert, A. & Nishino, K. (2012). Effects of indole on drug resistance and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revealed by genome-wide analyses. Gut pathogens, 4(1), 5.
Romalde, J. L., & Toranzo, A. E. (1993). Pathological activities of Yersinia ruckeri, the Enteric Redmouth (ERM) bacterium. FEMS microbiology letters, 112(3), 291-299.
Sathiyamoorthi, E., Faleye, O. S., Lee, J. H., Raj, V., & Lee, J. (2021). Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of chloroindoles against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 714371.
Sethupathy, S., Sathiyamoorthi, E., Kim, Y. G., Lee, J. H., & Lee, J. (2020). Antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of indoles against Serratia marcescens. Frontiers in microbiology, 11, 584812.
Sheikh, H. I., Alhamadin, N. I. I., Liew, H. J., Fadhlina, A., Wahid, M. E. A., Musa, N., & Jalal, K. C. A. (2024). Virulence factors of the zoonotic pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus: A review and bibliometric analysis. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 1-18.
Yang, Q., Anh, N. D., Bossier, P., & Defoirdt, T. (2014). Norepinephrine and dopamine increase motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of Vibrio harveyi. Frontiers in microbiology, 5, 584.
Yang, Q., Pande, G. S. J., Wang, Z., Lin, B., Rubin, R. A., Vora, G. J., & Defoirdt, T. (2017). Indole signalling and (micro) algal auxins decrease the virulence of Vibrio campbellii, a major pathogen of aquatic organisms. Environmental microbiology, 19(5), 1987-2004.
Yen, P. T. H., Linh, N. Q., & Tram, N. D. Q. (2021). The identification and determination of toxin genes of Vibrio strains causing hemorrhagic disease on red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) using PCR. AMB Express, 11(1), 4.
Yi, X., Xu, X., Qi, X., Chen, Y., Zhu, Z., Xu, G., Li, H., Kraco, E.-K., Shen, H., Lin, M., Zheng, J., Qin, Y., & Jiang, X. (2022). Mechanisms underlying the virulence regulation of Vibrio alginolyticus ND-01 pstS and pstB with a transcriptomic analysis. Microorganisms, 10(11), 2093.
Zhang, S., Yang, Q., & Defoirdt, T. (2022a). Indole analogues decreasing the virulence of Vibrio campbellii towards brine shrimp larvae. Microbial biotechnology, 15(12), 2917-2928.
Zhang, S., Yang, Q., & Defoirdt, T. (2022b). Indole decreases the virulence of pathogenic vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132(1), 167-176.
Zhang, S., Yang, Q., Fu, S., Janssen, C. R., Eggermont, M., & Defoirdt, T. (2022c). Indole decreases the virulence of the bivalve model pathogens Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32 and Vibrio crassostreae J2-9. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 5749.
Nguyễn Đức Quỳnh Anh, Nguyễn Nam Quang, Nguyễn Thị Huế Linh, Nguyễn Thị Xuân Hồng và Nguyễn Ngọc Phước. (2025). Ảnh hưởng của dopamine lên độc lực vi khuẩn Streptococcus agalactiae trên cá rô phi (Oreochromis sp). Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Nông nghiệp - Đại học Nông Lâm, Đại học Huế, 9(1), 4695-4705.
Nguyễn Nam Quang, Nguyễn Thị Huế Linh, Nguyễn Đức Quỳnh Anh, Nguyễn Thị Xuân Hồng, Trường Thị Hoa và Nguyễn Ngọc Phước. (2025). Nghiên cứu khả năng kháng kháng sinh của vi khuẩn Vibrio phân lập từ cá biển nuôi lồng bị bệnh xuất huyết tại vùng ven biển thành phố Huế. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Huế: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn, 134(3B), 23-27.
Ahangarzadeh, M., Houshmand, H., Kakoolaki, S., Sepahdari, A., Ghorbanpoor, M., Ajdari, A., Nazemroaya, S., Zabayeh Najafabadi, M., Torfi Mozanzadeh, M., & Sadr, A.S. (2022). Efficiency of monovalent Vibrio alginolyticus formaldehyde-killed vaccine on the immune responses and protection of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles against Vibriosis. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 21(6), 1367-1382.
Atsumi, T., Maekawa, Y., Yamada, T., Kawagishi, I., Imae, Y., & Homma, M. (1996). Effect of viscosity on swimming by the lateral and polar flagella of Vibrio alginolyticus. Journal of bacteriology, 178(16), 5024-5026.
Boukerb, A.M., Cambronel, M., Rodrigues, S., Mesguida, O., Knowlton, R., Feuilloley, M.G., Zommiti, M., & Connil, N. (2021). Inter-kingdom signaling of stress hormones: sensing, transport and modulation of bacterial physiology. Frontiers in microbiology, 12, 690942.
Chandrakala, N., & Priya, S. (2017). Vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture a review. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 27-33.
Defoirdt, T. (2023). Indole signaling, a promising target to control vibriosis in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 574, 739692.
Dwidar, M., Nam, D., & Mitchell, R. J. (2015). Indole negatively impacts predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and its release from the bdelloplast. Environmental microbiology, 17(4), 1009-1022.
F. A. O. (2024). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2024 blue transformation in action.
Frei, R., Breitbach, A. S., & Blackwell, H. E. (2012). 2-Aminobenzimidazole derivatives strongly inhibit and disperse Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 51(21), 5226.
Huang, D. B., & DuPont, H. L. (2005). Problem pathogens: extra-intestinal complications of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection. The Lancet infectious diseases, 5(6), 341-348.
Istivan, T. S., & Coloe, P. J. (2006). Phospholipase A in Gram-negative bacteria and its role in pathogenesis. Microbiology, 152(Pt 5), 1263-1274.
Jayaraman, S., Adhilaxmi Kannan, M., Rajendhran, N., John, G. J., & Ramasamy, T. (2023). Indole-3-acetic acid impacts biofilm formation and virulence production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofouling, 39(8), 800-815.
Karavolos, M. H., Bulmer, D. M., Spencer, H., Rampioni, G., Schmalen, I., Baker, S., Pickard, D., Gray, J., Fookes, M., Winzer, K., Ivens, A., Dougan, G., Williams, P., & Khan, C. M. (2011). Salmonella Typhi sense host neuroendocrine stress hormones and release the toxin haemolysin E. EMBO Rep, 12(3), 252-258.
Kim, D., Sitepu, I. R., & Hashidoko, Y. (2013). Induction of biofilm formation in the betaproteobacterium Burkholderia unamae CK43B exposed to exogenous indole and gallic acid. Applied and environmental microbiology, 79(16), 4845-4852.
Kim, J., & Park, W. (2013). Indole inhibits bacterial quorum sensing signal transmission by interfering with quorum sensing regulator folding. Microbiology, 159(Pt_12), 2616-2625.
Lee, J., Jayaraman, A., & Wood, T. K. (2007). Indole is an inter-species biofilm signal mediated by SdiA. BMC microbiology, 7(1), 42.
Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., Baek, K. H., Cho, M. H., & Lee, J. (2015). The multifaceted roles of the interspecies signalling molecule indole in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Environmental Microbiology, 17(4), 1234-1244.
Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., Cho, M. H., Kim, J. A., & Lee, J. (2012). 7-fluoroindole as an antivirulence compound against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS microbiology letters, 329(1), 36-44.
Li, X., Yang, Q., Dierckens, K., Milton, D. L., & Defoirdt, T. (2014). RpoS and indole signaling control the virulence of Vibrio anguillarum towards gnotobiotic sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. PloS one, 9(10), e111801.
Nikaido, E., Giraud, E., Baucheron, S., Yamasaki, S., Wiedemann, A., Okamoto, K., Takagi, T., Yamaguchi, A., Cloeckaert, A. & Nishino, K. (2012). Effects of indole on drug resistance and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revealed by genome-wide analyses. Gut pathogens, 4(1), 5.
Romalde, J. L., & Toranzo, A. E. (1993). Pathological activities of Yersinia ruckeri, the Enteric Redmouth (ERM) bacterium. FEMS microbiology letters, 112(3), 291-299.
Sathiyamoorthi, E., Faleye, O. S., Lee, J. H., Raj, V., & Lee, J. (2021). Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of chloroindoles against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 714371.
Sethupathy, S., Sathiyamoorthi, E., Kim, Y. G., Lee, J. H., & Lee, J. (2020). Antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of indoles against Serratia marcescens. Frontiers in microbiology, 11, 584812.
Sheikh, H. I., Alhamadin, N. I. I., Liew, H. J., Fadhlina, A., Wahid, M. E. A., Musa, N., & Jalal, K. C. A. (2024). Virulence factors of the zoonotic pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus: A review and bibliometric analysis. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 1-18.
Yang, Q., Anh, N. D., Bossier, P., & Defoirdt, T. (2014). Norepinephrine and dopamine increase motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of Vibrio harveyi. Frontiers in microbiology, 5, 584.
Yang, Q., Pande, G. S. J., Wang, Z., Lin, B., Rubin, R. A., Vora, G. J., & Defoirdt, T. (2017). Indole signalling and (micro) algal auxins decrease the virulence of Vibrio campbellii, a major pathogen of aquatic organisms. Environmental microbiology, 19(5), 1987-2004.
Yen, P. T. H., Linh, N. Q., & Tram, N. D. Q. (2021). The identification and determination of toxin genes of Vibrio strains causing hemorrhagic disease on red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) using PCR. AMB Express, 11(1), 4.
Yi, X., Xu, X., Qi, X., Chen, Y., Zhu, Z., Xu, G., Li, H., Kraco, E.-K., Shen, H., Lin, M., Zheng, J., Qin, Y., & Jiang, X. (2022). Mechanisms underlying the virulence regulation of Vibrio alginolyticus ND-01 pstS and pstB with a transcriptomic analysis. Microorganisms, 10(11), 2093.
Zhang, S., Yang, Q., & Defoirdt, T. (2022a). Indole analogues decreasing the virulence of Vibrio campbellii towards brine shrimp larvae. Microbial biotechnology, 15(12), 2917-2928.
Zhang, S., Yang, Q., & Defoirdt, T. (2022b). Indole decreases the virulence of pathogenic vibrios belonging to the Harveyi clade. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132(1), 167-176.
Zhang, S., Yang, Q., Fu, S., Janssen, C. R., Eggermont, M., & Defoirdt, T. (2022c). Indole decreases the virulence of the bivalve model pathogens Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32 and Vibrio crassostreae J2-9. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 5749.