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Abstract
This study was conducted with two experiments to determine the optimal substrate grain size and feeding frequency for the grow-out culture of Babylonia areolata. Each experiment followed a completely randomized design with three replicates, including four substrate grain sizes (< 1 mm, 1–< 2 mm, 2–3 mm, and > 3 mm) or four feeding frequencies (once every 2 days, once daily, twice daily, and three times daily). Results indicated that snails reared on sand with a grain size of 1–< 2 mm achieved average growth rates of 0.90%/day in weight, 0.82%/day in shell length, and 0.44%/day in shell width. These rates were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in treatments with grain sizes < 1 mm (0.68%, 0.77%, 0.40%) and > 3 mm (0.69%, 0.75%, 0.36%), but did not differ significantly from the 2–3 mm treatment. Regarding feeding frequency, feeding once per day or twice per day resulted in superior growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and yield compared to feeding once every 2 days or three times per day. Neither substrate grain size nor feeding frequency had a significant effect on survival rate (p>0.05). In conclusion, the study recommends to use sand with a particle size of 1–< 2 mm as the substrate and feeding 1–2 times daily to optimize growth and productivity in the growth-out culture of Babylonia areolata.
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How to Cite
Nguyen Van Huy, Ngo Van Hieu, Nguyen Tung Chi, Ngo Le Hoai Mong, Tran Huu Tuan, Nguyen Viet Thuy Vi, Mai Thuy Tien, & Nguyen Tu Minh. (2026). Effects of the sizes of substrate and feeding frequencies on growth performance and survival of Babylonia areolate (Link 1807). E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 10(1), 5341–5351. https://doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v10n1y2026.1344
Section
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY - VETERINARY MEDICINE - AQUACULTURE- ANIMAL SCIENCES
Copyright @ 2017-2026 by E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
References
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Chaitanawisuti, N. & Kritsanapuntu, A. (1999). Effects of different feeding regimes on growth, survival and feed conversion of hatchery-reared juveniles of the gastropod mollusc spotted babylon Babylonia areolata (Link 1807) in flowthrough culture systems. Aquaculture Research, 30(8), 589–593.
Chaitanawisuti, N., Kritsanapuntu, A., & Nasukari, Y. (2001). Comparative study on growth feed efficiency and survival of hatchery reared juvenile spotted Babylon Babylonia areolata Link, 1807 (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) fed with formulated diets. Asian Fisheries Science, 14, 53–59.
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Jianhua, H., Guofu, W., Tianfeng, S., & Shigui, J. (2006). The growth characteristics of Babylonia areolata in outdoor tank-culture. South China Fisheries Science, 2(5), 1–6.
Kritsanapuntu, S., Chaitanawisuti, N., & Natsukari, Y. (2009). Growth and water quality for growing-out of juvenile spotted Babylon, Babylonia areolata, at different water-exchange regimes in a large-scale operation of earthen ponds. Aquaculture International, 17, 77–84.
Liang, J., Xing, Y., & Lv, B. (2023). Effects of grain size of bottom sand on growth,digestion, anti-oxidation capacity and bottom quality in Babylonia areolate culture. Fisheries Science & Technology Information, 50(3), 137–145.
López-Olmeda, J., Noble, C., & Sánchez-Vázquez, F. (2012). Does feeding time affect fish welfare?. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1), 143–152.
Mai M.D., Nguyen, Q.N., Tran, B.T.T., & Vu, B.D.T. (2022). Growth Performance of Babylon Snails (Babylonia areolata Link, 1807) Fed Formulated Diet in Ponds and Recirculating Aquaculture System. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11,180-5.
Oniam, V., Taparhudee, W., & Yoonpundh, R. (2018). Impact of different pond bottom soil substrates on blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) culture. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, 15(4), 325–332.
Pieroni, S., Olier, B.S., Lima, I.R., Sanches, I.M., Kuhnen, V.V., & Sanches, E.G. (2021). Can use of substrates affect water quality in aquatic organism culture?. Aquaculture International, 29(4), 1771–1783.
Sanders, C.H., Buckley, P.L., Devereux, Hunt C., Mathers, K.L., & Mills, D.N. (2024). Ponto-Caspian amphipod co-location with zebra mussel beds (Dreissena polymorpha) is influenced by substrate size and population source. Hydrobiologia, 851(14), 3507–3523.
Selck, H., Aufderheide, J., Pounds, N., Staples, C., Caspers, N., & Forbes, V. (2006). Effects of food type, feeding frequency, and temperature on juvenile survival and growth of Marisa cornuarietis (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Invertebrate biology : A quarterly Journal of the American Microscopical Society and the Division of Invertebrate Zoology/ASZ, 125, 106–116.
Siriwardena, S. (2022). Babylonia areolata (spotted babylon). CABI Compendium.
Soukup, P.R., Näslund, J., Höjesjö, J., & Boukal, D.S. (2022). From individuals to communities: Habitat complexity affects all levels of organization in aquatic environments. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 9(1), e1575.
Tang, B., Ren, X., Dong, Z., Zheng, H., Liu, Y., & Wei, T. (2025).Metabolic and Biochemical Responses of Juvenile Babylonia areolata to Hypoxia Stress. Biology (Basel), 14, 727.
Yang-Bo, Z., & Zhang-Wu, Y. (2011). Comparison of two sanded ways of aquaculture Babylonia in cement pond. Journal of Fisheries Research, 33(4), 27–30.
Yang, R., Wu, K., Yu, G., Wen, W., Chen, X., Zhao, W., & Ye, L. (2019). Effects of culture model on growth and main environmental factors in snail Babylonia arelata. Fisheries Science, 38, pp. 610-615.
Yoon, D.-S., Kim, D.-H., Kim, J.-H., Sakakura, Y., Hagiwara, A., Park, H.G., Lee, M.-C., & Lee, J.-S. (2024). Interactions between lipid metabolism and the microbiome in aquatic organisms: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 207116858.
Zhou, C., Zhao, W., & Yang, R. (2025). Effects of Aquaculture Substrate on Key Aquaculture Environmental Parameters, Growth Performance, and Physiological Responses in Babylonia areolata. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 77(2), 245–257.
Ngô Thị Thu Thảo, Hứa Thái Nhân, Huỳnh Hàn Châu và Trần Ngọc Hải. (2009). Thử nghiệm nuôi thương phẩm ôc hương (Babylonia areolata) bằng các nguồn thức ăn khác nhau trong hệ thống tuần hoàn. Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Cần Thơ, 11, 218–227.
Trương Quang Thịnh, Đặng Hữu Lộc, Nguyễn Văn Đức Trí, Phan Thị Thanh Nga, Huỳnh Trọng Đức, Phạm Thị Thanh Nhàn, Tạ Quang Huy, Nguyễn Đức Thành và Nguyễn Văn Huy. (2024). Ảnh hưởng của tỷ lệ cho ăn đến sinh trưởng và tỷ lệ sống của ốc hương Babylonia areolata (Link 1807). Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ nông nghiệp, 8(3), 4472–4481.
Chaitanawisuti, N. & Kritsanapuntu, A. (1999). Effects of different feeding regimes on growth, survival and feed conversion of hatchery-reared juveniles of the gastropod mollusc spotted babylon Babylonia areolata (Link 1807) in flowthrough culture systems. Aquaculture Research, 30(8), 589–593.
Chaitanawisuti, N., Kritsanapuntu, A., & Nasukari, Y. (2001). Comparative study on growth feed efficiency and survival of hatchery reared juvenile spotted Babylon Babylonia areolata Link, 1807 (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) fed with formulated diets. Asian Fisheries Science, 14, 53–59.
Chen, L., & Wu, J. (2004), "Culture technique and industrial prospect of ivory shell Babylonia", Shandong Fisheries, 21(10), 9–11.
Farghali, M., Chen, Z., Osman, A.I., Ali, I.M., Hassan, D., Ihara, I., Rooney, D.W., & Yap, P.S. .(2024). Strategies for ammonia recovery from wastewater: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 22(6), 2699–2751.
Islam, M.A., Mely, S.S., Alam, M.S., & Rahman, M.H. (2023). Effect of different feeding rates on growth performance and survival rate of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758) fingerlings reared in rectangular hapas", Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 25, 18–30.
Jianhua, H., Guofu, W., Tianfeng, S., & Shigui, J. (2006). The growth characteristics of Babylonia areolata in outdoor tank-culture. South China Fisheries Science, 2(5), 1–6.
Kritsanapuntu, S., Chaitanawisuti, N., & Natsukari, Y. (2009). Growth and water quality for growing-out of juvenile spotted Babylon, Babylonia areolata, at different water-exchange regimes in a large-scale operation of earthen ponds. Aquaculture International, 17, 77–84.
Liang, J., Xing, Y., & Lv, B. (2023). Effects of grain size of bottom sand on growth,digestion, anti-oxidation capacity and bottom quality in Babylonia areolate culture. Fisheries Science & Technology Information, 50(3), 137–145.
López-Olmeda, J., Noble, C., & Sánchez-Vázquez, F. (2012). Does feeding time affect fish welfare?. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1), 143–152.
Mai M.D., Nguyen, Q.N., Tran, B.T.T., & Vu, B.D.T. (2022). Growth Performance of Babylon Snails (Babylonia areolata Link, 1807) Fed Formulated Diet in Ponds and Recirculating Aquaculture System. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11,180-5.
Oniam, V., Taparhudee, W., & Yoonpundh, R. (2018). Impact of different pond bottom soil substrates on blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) culture. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, 15(4), 325–332.
Pieroni, S., Olier, B.S., Lima, I.R., Sanches, I.M., Kuhnen, V.V., & Sanches, E.G. (2021). Can use of substrates affect water quality in aquatic organism culture?. Aquaculture International, 29(4), 1771–1783.
Sanders, C.H., Buckley, P.L., Devereux, Hunt C., Mathers, K.L., & Mills, D.N. (2024). Ponto-Caspian amphipod co-location with zebra mussel beds (Dreissena polymorpha) is influenced by substrate size and population source. Hydrobiologia, 851(14), 3507–3523.
Selck, H., Aufderheide, J., Pounds, N., Staples, C., Caspers, N., & Forbes, V. (2006). Effects of food type, feeding frequency, and temperature on juvenile survival and growth of Marisa cornuarietis (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Invertebrate biology : A quarterly Journal of the American Microscopical Society and the Division of Invertebrate Zoology/ASZ, 125, 106–116.
Siriwardena, S. (2022). Babylonia areolata (spotted babylon). CABI Compendium.
Soukup, P.R., Näslund, J., Höjesjö, J., & Boukal, D.S. (2022). From individuals to communities: Habitat complexity affects all levels of organization in aquatic environments. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 9(1), e1575.
Tang, B., Ren, X., Dong, Z., Zheng, H., Liu, Y., & Wei, T. (2025).Metabolic and Biochemical Responses of Juvenile Babylonia areolata to Hypoxia Stress. Biology (Basel), 14, 727.
Yang-Bo, Z., & Zhang-Wu, Y. (2011). Comparison of two sanded ways of aquaculture Babylonia in cement pond. Journal of Fisheries Research, 33(4), 27–30.
Yang, R., Wu, K., Yu, G., Wen, W., Chen, X., Zhao, W., & Ye, L. (2019). Effects of culture model on growth and main environmental factors in snail Babylonia arelata. Fisheries Science, 38, pp. 610-615.
Yoon, D.-S., Kim, D.-H., Kim, J.-H., Sakakura, Y., Hagiwara, A., Park, H.G., Lee, M.-C., & Lee, J.-S. (2024). Interactions between lipid metabolism and the microbiome in aquatic organisms: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 207116858.
Zhou, C., Zhao, W., & Yang, R. (2025). Effects of Aquaculture Substrate on Key Aquaculture Environmental Parameters, Growth Performance, and Physiological Responses in Babylonia areolata. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 77(2), 245–257.