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Abstract
This study aimed to identify the transmission routes of Vibrio alginolyticus in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) under experimental rearing conditions. Three independent experiments were conducted to evaluate bacterial transmission via water, feed, and direct contact between infected and non-infected fish. In direct waterborne exposure, fish showed symptoms after 48 h with cumulative mortality of 63.3 ± 5.7%; total Vibrio density increased from 10³ to 8 × 0⁵ CFU/mL, and V. alginolyticus accounted for 70–80%. In indirect exposure (net-separated tanks), cumulative mortality of non-infected fish reached 29.0 ± 8.4%, indicating transmission via water but with lower efficiency. In the feedborne experiment, cumulative mortality reached 26.7 ± 5.7%, and V. alginolyticus density peaked at 8 × 10⁴ CFU/mL after seven days. In the cohabitation challenge, 50 ± 10% mortality occurred, and V. alginolyticus was re-isolated from all infected fish. The results confirm that Vibrio alginolyticus can be transmitted in red drum through all three transmission pathways, contributing to the understanding to disease prevention and control.
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