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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the optimal dietary astaxanthin supplementation level for improving growth performance and coloration in goldfish (Carassius auratus). The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments: NT1 (control, without astaxanthin supplementation), NT2 (30 mg astaxanthin/kg feed), NT3 (40 mg/kg), and NT4 (50 mg/kg), each with three replicates. After 60 days of the feeding trial, the results indicated that dietary astaxanthin supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance (weight gain and length increment) and survival rate of goldfish (p > 0.05). In contrast, fish coloration was significantly affected by dietary astaxanthin levels (p < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the highest color intensity of goldfish was observed in NT3 (7.85) and NT4 (7.73), while the lowest value was recorded in NT1 (6.91). These findings suggest that dietary astaxanthin supplementation at 40 mg/kg feed is the optimal level for enhancing pigmentation in goldfish, thereby meeting the aesthetic preferences of ornamental fish enthusiasts.
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