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Abstract
Allelopathy is a biological mechanism with potential to support weed management in sustainable rice-based cropping systems. This study evaluated the allelopathic potential of rice cultivars commonly grown in the Mekong Delta using direct donor–receiver bioassays and indirect extract-based bioassays under laboratory conditions. Ten rice cultivars were examined, with garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) used as the indicator species. Petri dish co-cultivation showed cultivar-dependent inhibition that varied with donor seedling age. Under distilled-water conditions, when 3-day-old rice seedlings were used, shoot length of garden cress decreased from 14.8 mm in the control to 5.4 mm with OM18 and 6.5 mm with OM5451, while root length decreased from 7.6 mm to 4.5 mm. When 7-day-old rice seedlings were used, root length was reduced to 1.8 mm in dishes containing OM18 and OM5451, compared with 6.6 mm in the control. Extract-based bioassays showed that the response depended on extract concentration and donor plant age, with hormetic responses observed in some treatments. At 0.32 g mL⁻¹, extracts from 10-day-old rice plants caused the strongest root inhibition, reaching 81.67% for OM18 and 96.32% for OM5451. These results indicate that OM18 and OM5451 exhibited the most pronounced allelopathic potential and provide an initial basis for subsequent weed management studies.
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