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Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient essential for citrus fruit trees, playing a crucial role in flowering, fruit setting, and improving both the yield and quality of citrus. This study aimed to determine the optimal phosphorus fertilizer rates to maximize the yield and quality of orange. The experiment was conducted from December 2023 to December 2024 in Bai Tranh commune, Nhu Xuan district, Thanh Hoa province, using 7-year-old Xa Doai orange trees. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications and six different fertilizer treatments, using P2O5 at rates of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kg/tree/year, respectively. The data collected included soil nutrient content before and after the experiment, nutrient concentration in leaves, orange yield, and fruit quality. The results indicated that varying levels of phosphorus fertilizer significantly affected soil nutrient content and the leaf nutrient content. Specifically, fertilization at 0.4 kg P2O5/tree/year increased yield by 31.4% compared to no-phosphorus application. This optimal application also led to an increase in brix (12.6%), brix/acid ratio (28.6), and vitamin C (411.7 mg/L) content of the orange juice. The findings of this study provide an important practical foundation for improving the local orange cultivation.
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