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Abstract
This research evaluated and compared the growth performance of square-head climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) under biofloc conditions. A 50-day experiment was conducted with three treatments in biofloc: (i) R_phi: Nile tilapia, (ii) D_hong: red tilapia, and (iii) Đ_vuong: climbing perch, each with three replicates. Fish (3.5 g/individual) were stocked at a density of 200 fish/m³ in 250-L composite tanks. A C/N ratio of 10 was maintained by supplementing molasses as the các-bon source. Results showed that water quality was consistently better in the climbing perch (Đ_vuong) tanks, reflected by lower concentrations of TAN, NO₂⁻-N and PO₄³⁻-P (p < 0.05), compared with red tilapia (D_hong) and Nile tilapia (R_phi). Climbing perch exhibited the best growth performance, with final body weight and survival rate reaching 41.02 ± 1.90 g/fish and 94.67 ± 1.15% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with Nile tilapia (35.55 ± 2.02 g/fish and 87.33 ± 2.31%) and red tilapia (36.70 ± 2.20 g/fish and 89.33 ± 2.31%). Blood glucose and protein levels in fishes differed significantly among treaments (p < 0.05). After harvest, all three species indicated similar responses to sudden TAN stress, with tolerance thresholds at 6 mg/L and 8 mg/L. However, climbing perch, followed by Nile tilapia, demonstrated significantly higher resistance to ammonia stress compared to the other cultured species (p < 0.05). Practically, this species represents a priority candidate (followed by red tilapia and Nile tilapia) for biofloc-based nursing systems.
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