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Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the transmission mode of Vibrio parahaemolyticus which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The experimental challenge through water was arranged with 6 treatments in triplicates. In this, all infected shrimp were then reared together in one tank (TN 1), or 5 shrimp that were infected with the bacteria were either reared together (TN 2) or separately (TN 3) with 20 uninfected shrimp in the same tank; the shrimp were infected by immersion in V. parahaemolyticus (LD50 = 106cfu/mL) for 30 minutes; while the shrimp in there negative control treatments (including DC 1, DC 2, DC 3) were immersed in seawater free of bacteria. The experiment to determine infection through feed included 4 treatments where shrimp were fed once with feed mixed with different bacterial concentrations (0, 105, 106, 107 cfu/g of feed). After 14 days of experimentation, the accumulated mortality rates in treatments NT 1, NT 2, and NT 3 were 53.3%, 28%, and 14.7%, respectively, with 0% in the control treatments. The accumulated mortality rates of shrimp infected through feed at concentrations of 0, 105, 106, 107 cfu/g of feed were 0%, 21.3%, 33.3%, and 41.3%, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus can infect and cause disease in shrimp through both water and feed sources.
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How to Cite
Nguyen Thi Hue Linh, Tran Nguyen Ngoc, Nguyen Duc Quynh Anh, Nguyen Thi Xuan Hong, & Nguyen Ngoc Phuoc. (2025). Study on the transmission mode of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 9(1), 4672–4683. https://doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v9n1y2025.1197
Section
ANIMAL SCIENCE - VETERINARY MEDICINE - FISHERIES - ANIMALS
Copyright @ 2017-2025 by E-Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
References
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Hong, X., Lu, L., & Xu, D. (2016). Progress in research on acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Aquaculture International, 24, 577–593.
Jiang, H., Yin, Y., Zhang, X. W., Hu, S. N., & Wang, Q. (2009). Chasing relationships between nutrition and reproduction: A comparative transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas and testis from Eriocheir sinensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, 4, 227–234.
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Miles, A., Misra, S., & Irwin, J. (1938). The estimation of the bactericidal power of the blood. Epidemiology & Infection, 38, 732–749.
Ngoc Phuoc, N., Richards, R., & Crumlish, M. (2020). Establishing bacterial infectivity models in striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of fish diseases, 43 (3), 371-378.
Roy, S., Kumar, V., Bossier, P., Norouzitallab, P., & Vanrompay, D. (2019). Phloroglucinol treatment induces transgenerational epigenetic inherited resistance against Vibrio infections and thermal stress in a brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) model. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 2745.
Salachan, P. V., Jaroenlak, P., Thitamadee, S., & Itsathitphaisarn, O., & Sritunyalucksana, K. (2017). Laboratory cohabitation challenge model for shrimp hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). BMC Veterinary Research, 13, 9.
Saputra, A., Maftuch, Andayani, S., & Yanuhar, U. (2023). Pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) in Serang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24 (4), 2365-2373.
Saulnier, D., Haffner, P., Goarant, C., Levy, P., & Ansquer, D. (2000). Experimental infection models for shrimp vibriosis studies: a review. Aquaculture, 191 (1–3), 133-144.
Tang, K.F.J., Bondad-Reantaso, M.G., Arthur, J.R., MacKinnon, B., Hao, B., Alday-Sanz, V., Liang, Y., & Dong, X. (2020). Shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease strategy manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1190. Rome, FAO. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2119en.
Thompson, F., Iida, T., & Swings, J. (2004). Biodiversity of Vibrios. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 68 (3), 403–431.
Tran, L., Nunan, L., Redman, R.M., Mohney, L.L., Pantoja, C.R.; Fitzsimmons, K., & Lightner, D.V. (2013a). Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 105, 45–55.
Tran, L., Redman, R.M., & Lightner, D.V. (2013b). EMS/AHPNS: Infectious disease caused by bacteria. The Global Aquaculture Advocate, 20, 19–20.
Vogt, G. (1994). Life-cycle and functional cytology of the hepatopancreatic cells of Astacus astacus (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoomorphology, 114, 83–101.
Vogt, G. (2019). Functional cytology of the hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans. Journal of Morphology, 280 (9), 1405-1444.
Yang, F., Xu, L., Huang, W., & Fang Li. (2022). Highly lethal Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains cause acute mortality in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae. Aquaculture, 548, Part 1.
Yang, F., You, Y., Lai, Q., Xu, L., & Li, F. (2023). Vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes highly virulent by producing Tc toxins. Aquaculture, 576, 739817.
Nguyễn Ngọc Phước, Nguyễn Thị Xuân Hồng và Nguyễn Công Chung. (2020). Nghiên cứu độc lực của một số chủng vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus gây bệnh hoại tử gan tuỵ cấp (AHPND) trên tôm chân trắng (Litopenaeus vannamei) nuôi tại Thừa Thiên Huế. Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, 18(3), 202-211
Beuchat, L.R. (1975). Environmental factors affecting survival and growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: A Review. Journal of Milk and Food Technology, 38, 476–480.
Dong, X., Bi, D., Wang, H., Zou, P., Xie, G., Wan, X., Yang, Q., Zhu, Y., Chen, M., Guo, C., Liu, Z., Wang, W. & Huang, J. (2017). PirABvp-Bearing Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio campbellii pathogens isolated from the same AHPND-affected pond possess highly similar pathogenic plasmids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1859.
Hong, X., Lu, L., & Xu, D. (2016). Progress in research on acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Aquaculture International, 24, 577–593.
Jiang, H., Yin, Y., Zhang, X. W., Hu, S. N., & Wang, Q. (2009). Chasing relationships between nutrition and reproduction: A comparative transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas and testis from Eriocheir sinensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, 4, 227–234.
Karunasagar, I., & Karunasagar, I. (2018). Ecology, virulence factors and global spread of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The Asian Fisheries Science, 31, 15–28.
Karunasagar, I., Karunasagar, I., & Raghunath, P. (2016). Ecology, Virulence, and Detection of Pathogenic and Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 156.
Kumar, V. (2020) Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in Shrimp: Virulence, Pathogenesis and Mitigation Strategies. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium,
Kumar, V., Baruah, K., Nguyen, D.V., Smagghe, G., Vossen, E., & Bossier, P. (2018). Phloroglucinol mediated Hsp70 production in crustaceans: Protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Artemia franciscana and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 1091.
Lee, C.-T., Chen, I.-T., Yang, Y.-T., Ko, T.-P., Huang, Y.-T., Huang, J.-Y., Huang, M.-F., Lin, S.-J., Chen, C.-Y., Lin, S.-S.; et al. (2015). The opportunistic marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes virulent by acquiring a plasmid that expresses a deadly toxin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112 (34), 10798–10803.
Lightner, D. V. (1996). A handbook of shrimp pathology and diagnostic procedures for diseases of cultured penaeid shrimp. World Aquaculture Society, 1-72.
Makino, K., Oshima, K., Kurokawa, K., Yokoyama, K., Uda, T., Tagomori, K., Iijima, Y., Najima, M., Nakano, M., Yamashita, A., Kubota, Y., Kimura, S., Yasunaga, T., Honda, T., Shinagawa, H., Hattori, M., & Iida, T. (2003). Genome sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: A pathogenic mechanism distinct from that of V. cholerae. The Lancet, 361, 743–749.
Miles, A., Misra, S., & Irwin, J. (1938). The estimation of the bactericidal power of the blood. Epidemiology & Infection, 38, 732–749.
Ngoc Phuoc, N., Richards, R., & Crumlish, M. (2020). Establishing bacterial infectivity models in striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of fish diseases, 43 (3), 371-378.
Roy, S., Kumar, V., Bossier, P., Norouzitallab, P., & Vanrompay, D. (2019). Phloroglucinol treatment induces transgenerational epigenetic inherited resistance against Vibrio infections and thermal stress in a brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) model. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 2745.
Salachan, P. V., Jaroenlak, P., Thitamadee, S., & Itsathitphaisarn, O., & Sritunyalucksana, K. (2017). Laboratory cohabitation challenge model for shrimp hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). BMC Veterinary Research, 13, 9.
Saputra, A., Maftuch, Andayani, S., & Yanuhar, U. (2023). Pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) in Serang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24 (4), 2365-2373.
Saulnier, D., Haffner, P., Goarant, C., Levy, P., & Ansquer, D. (2000). Experimental infection models for shrimp vibriosis studies: a review. Aquaculture, 191 (1–3), 133-144.
Tang, K.F.J., Bondad-Reantaso, M.G., Arthur, J.R., MacKinnon, B., Hao, B., Alday-Sanz, V., Liang, Y., & Dong, X. (2020). Shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease strategy manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1190. Rome, FAO. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2119en.
Thompson, F., Iida, T., & Swings, J. (2004). Biodiversity of Vibrios. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 68 (3), 403–431.
Tran, L., Nunan, L., Redman, R.M., Mohney, L.L., Pantoja, C.R.; Fitzsimmons, K., & Lightner, D.V. (2013a). Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 105, 45–55.
Tran, L., Redman, R.M., & Lightner, D.V. (2013b). EMS/AHPNS: Infectious disease caused by bacteria. The Global Aquaculture Advocate, 20, 19–20.
Vogt, G. (1994). Life-cycle and functional cytology of the hepatopancreatic cells of Astacus astacus (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoomorphology, 114, 83–101.
Vogt, G. (2019). Functional cytology of the hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans. Journal of Morphology, 280 (9), 1405-1444.
Yang, F., Xu, L., Huang, W., & Fang Li. (2022). Highly lethal Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains cause acute mortality in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae. Aquaculture, 548, Part 1.
Yang, F., You, Y., Lai, Q., Xu, L., & Li, F. (2023). Vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes highly virulent by producing Tc toxins. Aquaculture, 576, 739817.